Indians started ditching British goods for Indian products. The movement popularised the use and consumption of indigenous products. Swadeshi is a conjunction of two Sanskrit words: swa (“self”) and desh (“country”). The Swadeshi Movement (1905-1908)įrom conservative moderation to political extremism, from terrorism to incipient socialism, from petitioning and public speeches to passive resistance and boycott, all had their origins in the movement. This triggered a self-sufficiency movement popularly known as the Swadeshi movement. Many considered this as a policy of ‘Divide and Rule’ by the British. This resulted in a lot of discontent among the Indians. Curzon promised to make Dacca the new capital.
The aim was to place Muslim communalists as a counter to the Congress. The partition was meant to foster another kind of division – on the basis of religion. The partition took effect on 16 October 1905. However, Viceroy Curzon 1905 formally announced the British Government’s decision for the partition of Bengal on 19 July 1905. The objective was to turn to public opinion in India and England against the partition. The decision to partition Bengal into two was in the air from December 1903.Ĭongress party – from 1903 to mid-1905 – tried moderate techniques of petitions, memoranda, speeches, public meetings and press campaigns. Lord Curzon, the Viceroy (1899-1905), attempted to ‘dethrone Calcutta’ from its position as the centre from which the Congress Party manipulated throughout Bengal, and indeed, the whole of India. Indian nationalism was gaining in strength and Bengal was the nerve centre of Indian nationalism in the early 1900s. Later, under the leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawarhal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, and Sardar Vallabhai Patel, the Congress party played a central role in organising mass movements against the British. Initially, its aim was to create a platform for civic and political dialogue between Indians and the British Raj and thus obtain a greater share of government for educated Indians. Indian National Congress (also known as Congress Party) founded in 1885 was the most prominent one. The late nineteenth century witnessed the emergence of many political organisations in British India. Foundation of Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885 They advocated for the political independence of India. The educated Indians realised that the British always gave priority to their colonial interests and treated India only as a market. However, most Indians were extremely dissatisfied with the exploitative foreign rule. The British – which were instrumental in the fall of the Mughal Empire – held control over the princely states and created the British Indian Empire. With the end of Mughal rule, India broke into hundreds of princely states. A sense of oneness has been there for ages – even though most of the centralised administration in India didn’t last long. India has been unified under many empires in its history like the Mauryan Empire and Mughal empire. Books referred to prepare this article on India’s Struggle for Independence.Learn more about India’s Struggle for Independence.Simla Conference (1945) and the Wavell Plan.Resignation of Congress ministries (1939).Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) and the Round Table Conferences (1930-32).Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March (1930).Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence Campaign (1929).Nehru Report (1928) and the attempt to draft the Indian Constitution.The boycott of the Simon Commission (1927).Minto-Morley constitutional reforms (1909).
Reasons for the failure of the Swadeshi Movement.Foundation of Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885.
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